Obesity has been discovered to be associated with excess adipocyte hypertrophy generating a proinflammatory state through secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant factor,[52] tumor necrosis factor-α [53], and C-reactive protein [54]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.