To examine the activation phenotype of the DC subsets recruited to the liver at week 6 post infection, CD11c+ DCs were enriched from liver leukocyte preparations, subdivided into cDC and pDC populations based on surface markers CD11c, CD317 (PDCA-1/BST-2), Ly6C, CD11b, NK1.1 and F4/80 (Figure 2a), and then assessed for expression of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules CD86 and CD40 by flow cytometry (Figure 2b). Here, CD86 is linked to infection.