GDF15 and neoplasm: Gene-gene interaction network analysis indicated the genes CYR61, p53, GDF15, TOB1, BTG2, BMP2, BMP6, SMAD9, JUN, JUNB, LOX, CCND1, CDK6, GADD45A and CDKN1A in TGF-β signal pathway were apparently differentially expressed following Akbu-LAAO treatment (Table 1), which implicates Akbu-LAAO might exert anti-tumor activity to HepG2 cells via TGF-β pathway.