ARTD9 acts as a repressor of the transcriptional activation of IRF1 and TP53 expression and thereby counteracts the IFNγ-dependent anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic IFNγ-STAT1-IRF1-TP53 axis and induces an oncogenic switch in STAT1 from a tumor suppressor to an oncogene [470]. Here, IRF1 is linked to neoplasm.