Although the reasons for variations in EBP, PfPK2 and TAA109 loci between time points and among the areas are unclear, it is notable that P195 locus, the MS flanking gene encoding for asexual stage antigen under possible immune selection [46], consistently showed significant differences by different measures, suggesting that the P195 could be robust in reflecting alteration of parasite population due to subtle differences in the host’s immunity influenced by malaria exposure. Here, EBP is linked to malaria.