A recent genome-wide association study of FTLD with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) inclusions (FTLD-TDP), or FTLD with a PGRN mutation, showed that transmembrane protein 106B (TMEM106B), which encodes a transmembrane protein with unknown function, increases the risk of the disease or of the development of cognitive impairment in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [5, 6]. The gene discussed is TMEM106B; the disease is Cognitive impairment.