The toxin also hijacks maturation and proinflammatory signaling of CR3-expressing dendritic cells and it likely subverts antigen presentation and induction of adaptive T cell immune responses to bacterial infection by intraepithelial dendritic cells of host respiratory mucosa (Bagley et al., 2002; Boschwitz et al., 1997; Boyd et al., 2005; Fedele et al., 2010; Hickey et al., 2008; Njamkepo et al., 2000; Ross et al., 2004; Spensieri et al., 2006). This evidence concerns the gene CRIPTO3 and bacterial infectious disease.