This PFOS-induced decrease in miR-16 may cause a multitude of effects in SH-SY5Y cells, such as regulating the expression level of Tau protein, which plays a critical role in maintaining neuronal microtubule stability; furthermore, abnormal expression of Tau induces neuronal cytotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) [51]. Here, MAPT is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.