Furthermore, not only does the potential protective effect of the Arg allele of the 242Pro/Arg PolB SNP and the increased CRC risk associated with the 780Arg/His SNP of LIG3 and 589Lys/Glu SNP of EXO1 merit attention, but also, more importantly, the modulation of risk induced by gene-gene interactions identified in this study can significantly affect individual predisposition to the development of cancer. The gene discussed is LIG3; the disease is cancer.