APP and dementia: In rare families of non-DS (euploid) people, APP micro-duplications (dupAPP) are responsible for Familial Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease (FEOAD), with virtually 100% penetrance by age 60 and a median onset age of clinical dementia of 41–51, and dupAPP has so far never been seen in any human unlinked to FEOAD (Rovelet-Lecrux et al., 2006, 2007; Sleegers et al., 2006; Kasuga et al., 2009; Thonberg et al., 2011; Cohn-Hokke et al., 2012; McNaughton et al., 2012; Wallon et al., 2012).