TNF and myeloid sarcoma: Furthermore, the median levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) mRNA expression and the serum levels of TNF-α and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) were found to be significantly higher in F-MS patients than in NF ones (Flachenecker et al., 2004; Heesen et al., 2006; Pokryszko-Dragan et al., 2012).