IGF1 and ovarian cancer: For example, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), neuregulin-1 beta (NRG1β), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are all expressed in tumors and found at higher levels in ascites fluid of ovarian cancer patients compared to healthy controls [17–21].