Although the control mice showed only moderate nuclear staining for HMGB1 in myocardium, cardiac sections from mice undergoing TAC injury, especially the ones after 3 and 7 days of TAC, presented with significant translocation of HMGB1 from nucleus to both cytoplasm and intercellular space (Fig. 3A). The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is persistent truncus arteriosus.