TNF and diabetes mellitus: Patients with diabetes and periodontal disease had significantly higher mean levels of serum TNF-α (1.79 ± 0.19 vs 0.82 ± 0.17 pg/mL), IL-6 (0.57 ± 0.07 vs 0.38 ± 0.05 pg/mL), and CRP (0.39 ± 0.11 vs 0.21 ± 0.08 mg/L) by comparison with healthy subjects.