FOXM1 and cancer: It is known that the MAPK pathway control the proliferation of cancer cells, including melanoma cells.[18] The MAPK pathways represent the most frequently mutated signaling pathways in melanoma, and the high prevalence of dysregulation of this pathway has provided a rationale for the development of target-based therapeutics.[27] Cross-talk between FOXM1 and the MAPK pathway has also been demonstrated in malignant melanoma.