It was found that this effect is mediated by the presence on the tumor cell surface of functional viral HN molecules that have affinity to plasma membranes and therefore can mediate a strong adhesion of the infected cells to CTLs.105 Since the HN proteins of many paramyxoviruses are homologous, it is likely that the HN protein, regardless of whether it derives from NDV or other related paramyxoviruses, can activate both NK and CTL responses. Here, MT-RNR2 is linked to neoplasm.