Circulating UII increases plasma reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and upregulates the expression of vascular cell adhesion protein-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), scavenger receptors (CD36 and scavenger receptor class A), and acyl-CoA, which are important molecules in the initiation and progression stages of atherosclerosis lesion formation [8–10]. Here, VCAM1 is linked to atherosclerosis.