IL4 and chronic hepatitis C virus infection: This is not unexpected as Cocciarelli et al [11], while measuring circulating levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-gamma, found that both Th1 but particularly Th2 associated cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were dramatically elevated in chronic hepatitis C. Enhanced Th2 responses during chronic HCV infection were earlier reported by another group [40] and very high correlation between ALT activity and IL-4 level was found by Gramenzi et al [39].