GPRIN3 and Parkinson disease: Thus, assuming the absence of inherited parkinsonism-related mutations in the paternal ancestors, the present data indicate in-cis mechanism for this mutation, with a 351 Kb triplication of locus containing SNCA and 6 exons of MMRN1 gene and a duplication of 1,29 Mb of a genomic region flanking the triplication, involving TIGD2, GPRIN3, SNCA, and MMRN1 and from exon 1 to exon 3 of CCSER1 (Figure 3).