This is the first study linking serum SOD levels with PWV, AIx, AASI, and pulse pressure, thus suggesting that oxidative stress significantly affects the vascular structure and function in hypertensive and diabetic patients and showing the role of SOD as an indicator of hypertension and diabetes-induced impairment of cardiovascular function, cardiovascular risk, and target organ damage. The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is Hypertension.