In summary, the NTAmer offers the real-time quantification of dissociation kinetics on a wide range of TCR–pMHC affinities directly at the surface of living, primary CD8 T cells, thus providing rapid, easy, and direct measurements of the monomeric TCR–pMHC dissociation rates within large numbers of tumor-specific CD8 T cell clones (41, 42) (Figure 4). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.