TLR7 and systemic lupus erythematosus: In particular, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3853839 on the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of TLR7 was shown to be associated with SLE, especially in Chinese and Japanese male subjects compared with females [10], and a fine mapping study by Kaufman et al. [11] in four different ancestral groups suggested that the nonsynonymous SNP rs1059702 (S196F) within IRAK1 might be a causal risk variant for SLE.