TNF and Sepsis: 2001; Cunningham et al. 2002). The predominant receptor for TNF, TNFR1, is expressed mainly on leukocytes, but within the kidney has strongest expression in the peritubular and especially the glomerular endothelium (Al‐Lamki et al. 2001). TNF induces inflammatory signaling in the endothelium, causing expression of chemokines, and adhesion molecules such as ICAM‐1 (Wu et al. 2007). Another manifestation of inflammation, vascular leak, is prominent in sepsis, leading to events such as pulmonary edema or septic encephalopathy (Alexander et al. 2008).