Furthermore, it will be a major challenge to unravel critical downstream targets as well as relevant interactions between ALDH1A2-RAR signaling and other key regulators of mesenchymal transition as well as stem cell traits, especially those that have been shown to correlate with tumor cell dissemination and treatment failure of HNSCC patients [20, 21]. The gene discussed is ALDH1A2; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.