RUNX1 translocations producing chimeric fusion proteins with the ETS-family transcription factor ETV6 are found in 20–25 % of childhood ALL and are associated with a favorable prognosis, whereas RUNX1 amplifications are seen in ~2 % of childhood ALL and are associated with high-risk disease [34, 35]. The gene discussed is ETV6; the disease is acute lymphoblastic leukemia.