SRF and hepatocellular carcinoma: For instance, there is now evidence that SRF is involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression, induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition with drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma and in lung fibrosis.5, 6 Furthermore, MYOCD, which is an integral part of the SRF/MRTF pathway, has also been recently implicated in apoptosis and autophagy of SMCs,7 and SRF has been shown to attenuate Myc-induced apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells in culture.8 However, as of yet, there has been no demonstration of apoptotic induction with knockout (KO) of Srf in SMCs.