To analyse whether the PD-L1 blockade-mediated restoration of the proliferative capacity of Treg, CD4- and CD8- T cells as shown in Fig 5B was dependent on the HIV infection stage of the host, the respective data points were grouped according to viremia, CD4 T cells counts and antiretroviral treatment (patient grouping as of S2 Table). Here, CD4 is linked to HIV infectious disease.