LDB1 and hemoglobinopathy: The globin gene cluster has been thoroughly investigated for its looping interactions, since its disruption can lead to various “hemoglobinopathies.” The LIM-domain binding-1 factor (Ldb1) protein binds to both the beta-globin locus control region (LCR) enhancer and promoter, which are 40 kb apart, and mediates long-range interaction by its self-associating domain (SA domain) [49].