In the mdx mice, a chronic model of muscle injury (a murine model for Duchenne muscular dystrophy), previous studies using gene expression microarrays have demonstrated that dystrophic muscles are characterized by an inflammatory ‘molecular signature'51, 52, in which CC chemokines are prominent and among which CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 are highly expressed53, 54. This evidence concerns the gene CCL2 and Duchenne muscular dystrophy.