TNF and neoplasm: The treatment of the cells with both TNF-α and Pt-NPs led to further decrease of the number of adhered tumor cells on the ECs, demonstrating that the Pt-NPs evidently hindered the adhesion of the tumor cells to the ECs monolayer and the spread of the tumor cells on the substrate (P < 0.05, Two-Sample t-test) (Fig. 7c).