DCT and neoplasm: Even though we cannot exclude that a part of the exosomes we purify after co-culturing the DCs with oxidized B16F10 cells is derived from the tumor cells rather than from the DCs, our data show that we are able to purify exosomal vesicles containing antigens from the melanoma cells (like TRP-2), so that they can act as antigen carriers upon vaccination (Fig. 4).