CCL2 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Resistin is closely associated with NAFLD and AS [77] via the following possible mechanisms: (1) resistin causes vascular endothelial dysfunction by increasing the release and expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, and pentraxin-3 (PTX-3); by decreasing tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TR-AF)-3 expression to induce CD40 and MCP-1 expression; by inducing P selectin expression to stimulate NADPH oxidase activity; and by enhancing the adhesion of monocytes as well as NF-κB and activator protein-1 activities [78].