Although M1 activation likely serves as an initiatory spark, rather than intrinsically deleterious response, recently described functions of ascribed cytokines (such as Il-6, Ccl3, and Tnfα) in augmentation of macrophage activity and photoreceptor death imply a detrimental component of exuberant M1 polarisation in some retinal diseases. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Abnormal retinal morphology.