PMEL and neoplasm: Postoperative pathological reports showed that these neoplasms were pleural metastatic melanoma by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and combined immunohistochemical results suggested that the HMB-45, S-100, vimentin, and AE1/AE3 (antibodies were all purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA)) were all significantly positive expressions (Fig. 3b–f).