The early transcription factors NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2, which play pivotal roles in the maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal ability in both embryonic and adult stem cells, have also been reported as key regulation factors in the CSCs of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) [7, 8]. The gene discussed is NANOG; the disease is head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.