We have made similar observations in breast cancer, where we found that mRNA levels of a plethora of immune-related genes, PD-1 and PD-L1 included, were positively correlated with each other as well as with the density of TILs, irrespective of their immune-promoting or immune-inhibitory function, and were all strong indicators of a higher response rate to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is breast carcinoma.