ILF2 and spinal muscular atrophy: Recently, it has been shown that the duplex of 2F AON and its target pre-mRNA attracts interleukin enhancer binding factors 2 and 3 (ILF2/3 proteins) resulting in unanticipated exon skipping in a model of spinal muscular atrophy.13 Probably this is based on enhanced steric hindrance by the duplex/protein complex, which impedes binding of splicing factors to splice sites or exonic regions in the pre-mRNA transcript beyond the AON target sequence.