The mean age of PCa patients was 67.2±10.3 years (range, 53–78 years), the mean preoperative serum PSA level was 13.8±8.9 ng/ml (range, 1.3–32.1 ng/ml), the mean Gleason score was 6.8±1.9 (range, 4–10) and the positive surgical margin rate was 15.6%. Here, KLK3 is linked to posterior cortical atrophy.