GAL and Alzheimer disease: Although there have been previous immunohistochemical observations of moderate GAL-ir within the nbM cholinergic neurons of elderly control and AD brains [7, 10, 42, 43] it has also been supported that galanin is expressed by basal cholinergic neurons only in non-human primates and not in the normal or diseased human brain [8, 9, 26, 30, 41, 44].