Additionally, serum MIP-1a protein levels (ng/ml) were statistically lower only in patients with LCa (TB: 17.1 ± 7.6, LCa: 9.4 ± 7.0, MCa: 28.7 ± 28.7, PN: 33.3 ± 24.0, p = 0.008) (Fig. 1c), a finding also observed in pleural MIP-1a levels (TB: 25.0 ± 20.2, LCa: 7.3 ± 6.0, MCa: 16.1 ± 14.9, PN: 25.4 ± 27.9, T: 18.5 ± 7.9, p = 0.019) (Fig. 1d). The gene discussed is CCL3; the disease is tuberculosis.