At 12 weeks, infected mice demonstrated decreased levels (> 2-fold) of three cytokines, Fas ligand, Interleukin (IL) IL-13, and SDF-1 (Stromal cell-derived factor 1), with increased levels of the chemokine RANTES (Regulated upon activation, Normal T cell expressed and secreted) relative to sham-infected mice (Table 3), indicating an altered inflammatory cytokine response to infection. Here, IL13 is linked to infection.