TNF and systemic lupus erythematosus: Complementary to this study, treatment of either MRL/lpr mice and another lupus-prone strain, NZB/NZW F1 mice, with the MIF antagonist ISO-1, reduced functional and histological indices of glomerulonephritis, inhibited CD74+ and CXCR4+ leukocyte recruitment, and lowered levels of circulating TNF-α in MRL/lpr mice and CCL2 in NZB/NZW F1 mice (115).