PTPA and Parkinson disease: As a proof-of-concept specific modulators of PP1 (and PP2A) holoenzymes have been developed not only for the treatment of CVDs but also for the treatment of diabetes, Parkinson’s disease and drug addiction (Uehata et al., 1997; Armstrong et al., 1998; McConnell and Wadzinski, 2009; Yger and Girault, 2011).