Lower serum apoA-I levels were also associated with higher risk of breast cancer (BC; Chang et al., 2007) as well as BC recurrence (Lane et al., 1995), although other studies examining BC showed either no correlation with HDL-C (Furberg et al., 2004) or an inverse association observed only in pre-menopausal women, but not in post-menopausal women (Moorman et al., 1998; Kucharska-Newton et al., 2008). The gene discussed is APOA1; the disease is breast carcinoma.