KCNA3 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In many autoimmune animal models such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Type I diabetes, the pathogenic TEM (effector memory T) cells were reported to significantly up-regulate Kv1.3 channel expression after activation, therefore, Kv1.3 blockers can selectively inhibit TEM cells and alleviate the immunologic damage16, 23, 24, 25, 26.