Although several studies have examined causative features of H. pylori-associated gastric cancer, including bacterial virulence factors (CagA and VacA) [19–21], and host genetic alterations [22], what determines the consequence of H. pylori infection (i.e., whether mild gastritis, more severe peptic ulcer disease, or even gastric cancer) remains unknown. The gene discussed is S100A8; the disease is gastric cancer.