Through the study of poliovirus infection in IMR5 neuroblastoma cells, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) is activated soon after poliovirus infection and then triggers the activation of Bax, the proapoptotic protein that belongs to the Bcl family, which causes cytochrome c release from the mitochondria and thus results in cell death [130]. Here, BAX is linked to poliovirus infection.