CSF2 and cancer: ONCOS-102—a chimaeric Ad5/knob3 vector armed with the potent immunostimulatory granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF)—has completed phase I clinical studies with increased cancer-specific CD8+ T cell responses and good safety profile in heavily pre-treated patients with injectable solid advanced tumors [111] and is ready to enter phase II/III studies.