In the present study, we compared the effects of high-carbohydrate liquid diet (HCLD) on hepatic steatosis and inflammation with high-fat liquid diet (HFLD) in C57BL/6J mice by isocaloric-pair feeding, and the underlying mechanisms, especially the role of miR-34a and SIRT1 in hepatic steatosis development were explored. This evidence concerns the gene SIRT1 and fatty liver disease.