In addition, to identify whether the other mutated genes in MDS emerged with disease progression, 24 genes screened from the whole-exome sequencing mutation library and 13 known genes (DNMT3A, TET2, STAG2, SETBP1, IDH1, IDH2, WT1, TP53, CEBPA, GATA2, RUNX1, BCOR and ZRSR2) that are frequently mutated in MDS were also target sequenced using next-generation sequencing. Here, ZRSR2 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.